Pressure Groups Essay

Pressure groups can influence political decisions in many ways. Pressure groups represent a particular issue/issues and tries to put pressure on the government to change laws concerning their specific interest. This can take place in several different ways but methods used by insider pressure groups are different to the ones used by outsider pressure groups. Outsider pressure groups keep their independence from the government. Because of this these pressure groups are not bound by the same code of conduct as insider pressure groups and have more freedom to protest in ways, which the Government would not approve of. Direct action is a method often used by outsider pressure groups to pressurise the Government. The types of direct action used are often illegal and dangerous. For example the Animal Liberation Group went to a mink farm and let the minks out and have also picketed laboratories and thrown stones at those who work there. Outsider pressure groups that wish to become insiders are more likely to obey the law when they are protesting so they have more of a chance of establishing links with the government and be given the insider status. However insider pressure groups tend to be subtler and clever in the way they apply Pressure to the government. Insider pressure groups tend to have an expertise in their area of interest and are able to research their issues very effectively. Insider pressure groups tend to have contacts with Government Officials and Civil Servants who they are able to use to get information. Civil Servants will also use the investigations carried out by these pressure groups to improve Bills. Because insider Pressure Groups spend a lot of time researching issue’s that they are concerned about and discuss them formally then they gain respect from the government and are more able to influence decision makers. Although insider and outsider groups use different methods to influence the government the main way is to try to get publicity for their cause and to get the public on their side. Sending letters to newspapers, marching through the streets, giving Demonstrations, leafleting and holding public meetings does this. Some pressure groups will collect signatures for a petition, which they then send to an MP to try and persuade him to bring the issue up in parliament. Margerat Ewing brought up the issue of the dumping of Nuclear waste at Dunraye in parliament to help a pressure group concerned with the problem. In the Scottish Parliament there is a special Petition Committee which investigates petitions and informs the Minister to which each petitions concerns. This an effective way of pressure as it means that the Scottish Executive will be able to find out problems and will be able to see how many people want a change in legislation to solve this problem. Pressure groups influence political decisions by using the media for publicity, using government officials and civil servants and in some cases using illegal methods to try to pressurise the Government.

What is the relation between the image of the ‘rural’ and the idea of England in ‘Jude the Obscure’ and ‘Howard’s End’

The novel by Thomas Hardy, ‘Jude the Obscure', and E. M. Forster's ‘ Howard's End', are two novels narrating the lives and times of various people These chronicle the environmental and social aspects surrounding the characters in them, and their progression through life. Each delivers a stark contrast in the lives of the main characters, and the different troubles and pleasures they incur during their lifetime. This essay will show a connection between these two novels in the context that they display the image of the rural and the historic, international image that the British common wealth established amongst the rest of the worlds cultures. The first area that needs to be addressed when answering this question is the image of the rural. The simple, universal definition of the term rural in Standard English, means the characteristics of, or pertaining to the country and the people living in the country. The novel by Thomas Hardy ‘Jude The Obscure' is the best source to draw details and perceptions for this idea of the rural, as the theme and it's main character Jude, is largely based on his rural lifetime. When thinking about the rural, often one of the first images we get is the image of a livelihood based around agriculture. Agriculture and other simple professions seem to be the main stay of the economic structure of a rural environment. Evidence for this image can be found in ‘Jude The Obscure'. From Jude's early life as a boy we see him scaring away birds from crops Just now he's a-scaring of birds for farmer Troutham. It keeps him out of mischty. † (Page 17'Jude the obscure') This quote also is symbolic of the language differences within the rural and the urbane. The city linguistic system is more proper in the sense that they don't conjoin words or shorten words ‘mischty' being an example of the latter. The image of the rural, as seen in terms of their work is primitive and largely agricultural. The rural people are seen to live in a less sophisticated habitat, boarding rooms and lodges; also small farming cottages are often the main perceptions of rural habitats. Another major aspect of the perception of the rural can be described as a ‘small town attitude'. What this means, is that the people within the community are tightly knit and highly communicative. It could also be suggested that these ‘small town attitude' people have a resentment for the more urbane people, this is also in the text of ‘Jude the obscure'. They may be right in some cases but as Jude displays in Hardy's novel, he aspires to be more city like. He reads to become more intellectual, wiser and to master the various linguistic abilities of the higher social class. There are two main other cases which display common rural activities. These are the tendencies to go to church and to commune in public houses. There are several scenes set where Jude is in a Public house, either trying to assimilate himself with the more intellectual parts of society, of which he fails, and other times when he is simply drinking away his sorrows. The rural, in the sense of the image that the novel ‘Jude the obscure' portrays or proposes, suggests many common theologies about the life style. These can be summarized but may not be fully comprehended in the manner in which they where supposed to be taken. These are, in their simplest form, unsophisticated habitats, lower levels of education, primitive livelihoods, small town attitudes, simple customs, and to embody the thoughts of the urbane type, a society full of poverty which in their eyes is unhappiness. This next part of the essay will show the customs, traditions, and behavior of the different classes within the city. These will mainly be drawn from the novel by E. M. Forster's ‘Howard's End'. Howard's End' shows what most see as the idea of England at that time. What has to be taken into account is the three distinct social classes we have within this novel, and which all interact with one another in some way. Three families, the Schlegel family, the Wilcox family, and the Bast family represent the three social classes in this novel. These three families are a good depiction of the types of people dwelling in the main English cities of that time. The first of these families is the Wilcox family. Mr. Wilcox summarizes the depiction of this social class. He represents the hard working, pragmatic and chauvinistic middle class trying to step up to the upper class. He owns a rural estate, Howard's End, which he has earned through him being a prominent businessman. This is an example of his materialistic characteristics. The next class of family to be considered is the Schlegel family. In ‘Howard's End' they are depicted as being very cultured and intellectual, as well as very wealthy. They are of pure English blood, of which was important at that time due to the industrial competitiveness between England and Germany. â€Å"†Of course I regard you Schlegels as English,† said Mrs. Munt hastily – â€Å"English to the backbone. â€Å"† (Page12 ‘Howard's End') They are very cultured and of a high decorum. The remaining family, that will complete our examination of the three varying social types that coexist in the city, are the Bast family. They are on the lowest line of the middle class, enough money for food, clothes and shelter. Leonard Bast is symbolic of his class, hard working but impoverished, ever trying to enter that upper echelon, but never making it. Leonard will become a key talking point in linking the image of the rural to the idea of England. This completes a brief overview of the three social classes within an English city of the time in the novel ‘Howard's End'. The idea of England that these social classes give is fairly broad. Perceptions range from the intelligent and good social etiquette, which live for the happiness that their money brings. They classes with money visit different countries, go to plays and performances, and more importantly vacate to the rural estate, Howard's End. One can also feel the discrimination of foreign blood and cultures, feel the conceited nature of the English. An example of this was previously mentioned and quoted earlier from a conversation between Mrs. Mund and Margaret Schlegal. From this novel can be drawn the gentlemanly, chauvinistic behavior, characteristic of so many peoples perceptions of the English. If you also back this up with the manner in which the characters in ‘Howard's End' speak for example â€Å"† I hope Miss Avery is not ill,† hazarded Margaret, â€Å"Well, if you'll excuse me,† said Madge, â€Å"perhaps I ought to be leaving you now†¦ † (Page310 ‘Howard's End') Compared with the more rural language of those in ‘Jude The Obscure' â€Å"Well ye med ask it Mrs. Williams. He's my great nephew – come since you were last this way. â€Å"†(Page 16 ‘Jude The Obscure') If one were to be vicarious in thinking about the book and hear the accent, grammatical, and linguistic make up of the characters conversations it is easy to gain this idea of how the English conduct themselves in social conversational encounters. It is easy to see how other cultures such as the German, or Nigerian cultures, some of the places visited by characters in ‘Howard's End', might have perceived this behavior. But for those nations which are visited by those classes with money, they become ignorant to the fact that they are not the only class and kind of people within England. If people from these other countries where to visit not only the cities of England, as most would do, but also the rural, this idea of the English might not be so distorted as what it is. ‘Howard's End' tries to explain this. It tries to put forward the fact that, for England to exist, every social class must interact in order for the survival of the nation. In the case of ‘Howard's End', it arranges three different social classes interacting, and eventually learning to peaceably live with one another. ‘Jude The Obscure' is showing a time when this was in early stage of evolution. The rural wanted to stay rural, but an ever-increasing amount wanted to become more urbane and sophisticated. This leads to the next point of discussion. The next area of significance in answering this question is the graduation from rural to city, and the connection with which these two novels, ‘Jude The Obscure' and ‘Howard's End' explain this. There is a common relation between the theme country to city. In most cases the city and urbane society see the rural as a place to relax, in ‘Howard's End' this is an example, a rural setting for which the characters usually find peaceful. These types of people appreciate that facts of rural life but could never live the rural lifestyle like the one portrayed in ‘Jude The Obscure', they need to have the commodities in life that the city offers. But this social class would not be the same without their rural experience of Howard's End. Then the rural society has a completely different outlook. There are some who aspire to live in the city, like Jude, but there are those who are content with their ignorant conceitedness towards the city and it's population. As mentioned previously, there is a major connection between two of the characters within the novels ‘Howard's End' and ‘Jude The Obscure'. Jude and Leonard Bast are inexplicably similar in their plights in their live. They have many aspects, manners, outlooks, and aspirations in common. This will be the next area to be looked at.. There are five major traits that Leonard Bast and Jude from ‘Howard's End' and ‘Jude The Obscure' respectively, have in common, in relation to their roles and experiences within each of the novels. The first of these traits is that both are economically on the same means, just enough to get by in life without many luxuries. Jude is above all a stonemason, Leonard, a low profile insurance worker. They are both also trying to better themselves on an intellectual level by reading constantly, hoping that their further knowledge would improve their chances of prospering in life. Both of these characters hope by attaining this extra knowledge that they can become assimilated with the social class of their desire. Both characters also have dramatic, romantic relationships, especially in the case of Leonard Bast, who was eventually killed because of his romantic interests What we gain from the studies of these two texts ‘Howard's End' and ‘Jude The Obscure' is an understanding of how the image of the rural is related to the idea of England. It could be suggested that from these two novels we can see the evolution of a nation. The notion that the rural evolved into the urban is present in all developed nations, and held as fact. If it were not for the rural lifestyles, people would not have known what they would have needed to improve their standard of living. A nation's urbane did not develop its rural community; a nation's rural community developed the city and the urban lifestyle and social classes that go with it. The novel ‘Jude The Obscure' shows a progression from a very primitive rural life, to that of a very primitive urban life. From the novel ‘Howard's End' one can contrive a pattern of evolution of social class and standard of living within the text. From one perspective it could be shown that the Bast family evolved into the Wilcox family, and then from the Wilcox family, the Schlegel family evolved. This statement is using the family names as a metaphor for the social class which each of the families stand for. The image of the rural is depicted in ‘Jude The Obscure', as is the image of the urbane in ‘Howard's End'. This image of the urbane in ‘Howard's End' became what was and may still be the idea of England. In particular, this image of the urbane, and more specifically the upper class Schlelegel family, personified the idea of England and it's Common Wealth to other peoples and their nations. The idea of England became this educated, literal, and cultural view, a population of intellectuals focused on pleasure, world dominance, and traditions supported by wealth and religion, with which their military power brought them at that time. The idea of England, which is concieved by most today, is taken without any original stimulus from which to formulate such an idea. By looking into these two novels one can gain a much more educated and well-founded view of what England was, and should be perceived as in terms of a nation. What this means is that without all the social classes and development from rural to urbane, England would not exist as the nation and country that it is today. Further more, neither would any other developed nation, such as the United States and the worldly perception held of them currently. They have the rural and the urbane. The whole country is not one rich military powerhouse. It is built upon its varying social societies. This is the same philosophy, which must be taken when looking at the idea of England. This is the point that must be taken when correlating the idea of England with the image of the rural, not as independent entities, but as one entire comprehension.

Evolution of Aesthetic Medicine and its Implications on... | Bartleby

padding-top-2"> Throughout this century, the term natural beauty has taken a wide variety of definitions. Aesthetic treatments are rapidly becoming socially sought after in large urbanized communities, and this craze is rapidly progressing towards a flawless sales tactic for all cosmetic surgeons and media alike—proclaiming that one should invest in themselves. What was once seen as treatment for individuals in dire need is now evolving into a marketable service rendered to those with the means to obtain it. It is clear that demand for aesthetic surgery has skyrocketed in recent years, an increase caused by modern marketing tactics, technological development, as well as the modern idea of individualism and self-expression through artificial body show more content One patient was satisfied with the results, but the other was unsure she wanted to undergo the procedure in the first place. This falls into the human understanding of using stereotypes in order to organize social worlds (Anonymous 2008). Some individuals still have a clouded perception on their motives for undergoing such procedures, and it is not until the damage has been done that feelings of regret occur. Media has created a massive social cult for several years by creating what is seen as the ideal physique, encouraging astray individuals to take extreme measures in order to conform. Another significant factor towards the recent increase of cosmetic surgery procedures is attributed to major technological advancements in recent years. Modern advances in technology have significantly decreased pain level as well as post-operation complications. Cosmetic surgeons are also widely available and offer competitive rates in many urban centers. The repackaging of cosmetic surgery as a business has also allowed for surgeons to advertise, which only adds to a consumer’s temptation. This allows clinics to offer financing and other methods of payment, significantly increasing the accessibility to such services. Advertising campaigns are often aggressive and commission-based, and some firms go as far as offering discounts on multiple procedures. These additional procedures extend the amount of time a patient spends under anesthesia, The Louisiana Purchase: Unconstitutional or Not? Essay | Bartleby padding-top-2"> It seems that since the beginning of history the actions of the government have always been criticized, especially in the sense of public spending. In the case of the Louisiana Purchase many political figures at the time it was created, as well as historians argue whether or not it was in fact a violation of the Constitution or not. This debate is still ongoing, but in order to analyze whether the Louisiana Purchase was unconstitutional or not, one must analyze the sequence of events leading to the acquisition of the territory by the United States. The Louisiana Purchase appeared to be the only solution to the United States anxiety over whether the French would try to control part of the land that many of the colonists were attempting to show more content It seems that since the beginning of history the actions of the government have always been criticized, especially in the sense of public spending. In the case of the Louisiana Purchase many political figures at the time it was created, as well as historians argue whether or not it was in fact a violation of the Constitution or not. This debate is still ongoing, but in order to analyze whether the Louisiana Purchase was unconstitutional or not, one must analyze the sequence of events leading to the acquisition of the territory by the United States. The Louisiana Purchase appeared to be the only solution to the United States anxiety over whether the French would try to control part of the land that many of the colonists were attempting to inhabit. Up through the Seven Years’ War France had claimed and was controlling a large portion of the territory west of the colonies. The French had claimed, by only began to settle in this expanse of land, but Spain soon obtained it through the 1763 Treaty of Paris. The Spanish did not settle this portion of land either. Since the 1780’s many American colonists’ goal was to move westward after the concept spread of Manifest Destiny (in which the colonists believed that it was their God given duty to occupy the land west of the original colonies). President Thomas Jefferson and many other U.S. officials began to become uneasy about the fact that France (who was now under the rule of Napoleon Bonaparte) would try to dominate the land Destiny, Fate and Free Will in Homer's Odyssey -... | Bartleby padding-top-2"> Odysseus’s Fulfills his Destiny in The Odyssey During Odysseus’s journey in The Odyssey, his own guile, the gods’ obstacles and their assistance for him affected his destiny. Odysseus uses his crafty sense of trickery and guile to get out of situations, which allow him to reach his destiny of returning home. Many times in The Odyssey the gods who dislike Odysseus set obstacles to try to stop him from returning home. However, there are gods who favor him and give him assistance to reach his homeland of Ithaca. Odysseus found himself in some dangerous situations during his journey but he was clever enough to think of ways to escape them. For example, when he encountered Polyphemus, Odysseus tricked him when he told show more content Instead of using his guile, Odysseus also has the power to prevent from being beguiled. An example of Odysseus using his power to not be beguiled was when he drank Circe’s potions but nothing happened because of Hermes’ herb. Circe shows her disbelief of Odysseus when she says, "I marvel much that drinking of these drugs you were not charmed. None, no man else, ever withstood these drugs who tasted them, so soon as they had passed the barrier of his teeth; but in your breast there is a mind which cannot be beguiled" (97). Once again Odysseus uses his creative techniques not to be tricked and he turns out safe. By using his guile and other techniques, Odysseus makes it through the gods’ obstacles, which test his destiny. In order for Odysseus to encounter and pursue his destiny, he must be tried and tested by obstacles put forth by gods or their offspring, such as Poseidon, the Sirens, and Polyphemus. One instance of this occurring was when Poseidon sent a storm in an attempt to capsize Odysseus’ boat. Poseidon shows his hate for Odysseus when he says, "I hope to plunge him into sufficient trouble" (50). Poseidon sets forth an obstacle to test Odysseus by making a huge storm in the seas to capsize and break up his boat. Without these obstacles put forth by the gods, Odysseus would have made it home without any trouble. The epithet, "Long-tried The Life of Charlotte Bronte - 798 Words | Bartleby padding-top-2"> Charlotte went through many crises. Her mother died when she was young, and she had to care for her younger siblings. Bronte could not go to school as a young child like everyone else; she had responsibilities. A few years later as she got older sisters died of tuberculosis, and she was left alone. Charlotte Bronte work tells the story of love, life, and death. Charlotte was born at Thorntorn, Yorkshire in 1816. She was the third daughter of Rev. Bronte and Maria Branwell. Charlotte had two sisters and 1 brother. The Bronte children were all great readers, and since they were isolated children they lived through literary fantasies. Living in their fantasy world the children had vivid imaginations, and they invented role-playing games, at times with the wooden toys, and other times in provisional costumes. Shortly after they were born their mother passed away in 1821. Four years after their mother passed Charlotte’s two sisters died of tuberculosis; they caught it in school. Charlotte Bronte had a really difficult life. She really had no one but her father and brother. Bronte and her brother became really close. Charlotte tried really hard to become successful but yet, she always ended up where she started from. Charlotte began working as a governess in different positions, but none lasted very long. Shortly after she and Emily went to Health Care Professionals Criminal Liability - 1529 Words | Bartleby padding-top-2"> Professional Regulation and Criminal Liability of Nurses Christopher Ponciano September 27, 2010 Legal Issues in Health Care: Regulation and Compliance (HCS/430) University of Phoenix Professional Regulation and Criminal Liability of Nurses The health care field is a very complex workplace environment and the terminology like malpractice encompasses the negligence of health care professionals. In the past, there is a division that existed between physicians and nurses. Additionally, nurses had very defined framework, in which nurses are to wait after a patient have been seen by doctors and simply implements the physician’s order. In other words, nurses are not to diagnose, treat symptoms, or prescribe medications. In the show more content After the investigation, if the Board determines that the allegations have merit, then the complaint will proceed to an informal hearing. Eventually, the nurse receives a notification in regard to the allegation and the Board will schedule an informal hearing. The Board of Nursing’s attorney, the member of the board, and the nurse are present in the informal hearing. However, if the nurse has retained an attorney, then the attorney will be present during informal hearing. Additionally, before the informal hearing the defendant’s attorney will have the opportunity to discuss the gathered evidence and collect any evidence used during investigation process. The informal hearing starts with the Board of Nursing’s attorney opening statement and the nurse will have an opportunity to present his or her side. After the informal hearing procedure, the board member and the Board of Nursing’s attorney will discuss in private. Disciplinary action and criminal liability. Immediately after the hearing, recommendations are generally made. For example, recommendations can range from dismissal of the complaint, filing a formal charge, or an agreement to negotiate a consent order (Karno, 2005). Under the consent order, the nurse waives his or her rights to contest on the charged allegations or simply seek a review under administrative order. In addition, under consent order gives the nurse and his or her attorney the leverage to control any Fight Obesity With Diet and Exercise Essay - 899 Words | Bartleby padding-top-2"> As humans we are available to a mass assortment of foods that help us survive. These foods provide our bodies with nutrients to remain healthy and calories for energy. If we take in more calories than we burn off, the food then gets stored in our bodies as fat. If this happens regularly there is potential of becoming obese. Obesity means having excessive amounts of fat on the body. Obesity is the second leading cause, behind tobacco, of preventable deaths in the United States. More than half of Americans are overweight and almost one third are obese. There are abundant reasons people become obese including: emotions, genes, sex, age, and many others. There are also several ways to tell if a person is overweight or obese. Lastly there show more content Other eating disorders such as binge eating or bulimia may be associated with obesity. How can you tell if you are overweight or obese? There are a few ways to tell if you are obese, one being checking your body fat percentage. Many health professionals agree that men with more than 25% fat and women with more than 30% fat are considered obese. It is difficult to measure body fat percentage accurately. The methods used at health clubs and weight loss programs may not be accurate if done improperly, therefore special equipment is needed that is not found in many medical offices. People who gain weight around their waist have a higher risk of obesity-related health problems. Women with a waist size greater than 35 inches and men with a waist size greater than 40 inches are at higher health risk. Lastly, and the most effective way to tell if you are obese is by the body mass index or BMI. The BMI is used to check your weight relative to your height and is calculated by weight in pounds and height in inches. Body mass index is much like the body fat percentage but much easier to calculate. Being so much easier to calculate several care providers use it to identify obesity. To calculate your body mass index you must first multiply your weight by 705. Next, take that answer and divide it by your height in inches. Now take the current number and divide it by you height in inches once again. After the three steps are done you are left with your BMI. If your Essay about Oedipus the King and Oedipus Complex - 612 Words | Bartleby padding-top-2"> Oedipus Rex, is a Sophocles play, that according to Freud exemplifies a formative stage in a individuals psychosexual development. The psychosexual stages are the age related developmental periods in which sexual impulses are exerted through different bodily zones and then activities are associated with those areas in the bodily zones. These is when a young child will transfer his love object from the breast to the mother. When the child gives up the breast and moves to the mother it is known as the oral phase. The child then has the sexual desire for the opposite sex parent and will usually have hostility towards the same sex parent. During this time, the child will have a secret desire to show more content The boy then feels hostility and jealously towards his father, but then will come to realize that his father is much more powerful then he is. Freud says, â€Å" the boy will then experience castration anxiety which is the fear that his father will punish him by castration (Freud, 1993) .† Fixation at a particular stage may result If the developmental conflicts are not successfully resolved. He figured if this feelings were not successfully resolved then they would contribute to neuroses in later life. The only way anyone could resolve the Oedipus Complex and the anxieties from the complex , the boy ultimately will join force with the enemy by resorting to the defense mechanism of identification. Identification is a psychoanalytic theory that involves the ability to reduce the anxiety by imitating the behavior and characteristics of one individual. For instance, he would most likely imitate his fathers values, attitude and mannerisms. Girls ar e another way in which the Oedipus Complex could be resolved because girls usually identify with the same sex parent and then they develop a strong superego against urges. Freud considered this complex is be the cornerstone of superego and the nucleus of all human relationships. Oedipus in a way had this Oedipus Complex because

Interaction Design Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Interaction Design - Essay Example The purpose of human computer interaction is to analyze the interaction between user and computer. In this paradigm we analyze how we can develop system that is able to offer better features and facilities regarding the usage of system. In addition, this subject investigates the user psychology, behaviours and develops the system that capable to meet the user expectations regarding system working. Human-computer interaction (HCI) research deals with the design of interfaces that facilitate simple and efficient use of computer systems (Marchionini & Sibert, 1991; Myers et al., 1996; DePaula, 2003). Dix, Finlay, Abowd, & Beale (2003) define effective interaction design as the analysis and study of communication among users or people with computers. The fundamental objective of effective human computer interaction design is to build systems that are much more user friendly as well as responsive to user’s requirements thus that people could be able to get their outcomes faster, th rough smaller mistakes and better satisfaction (Dix et al., 1998; Tate, 2001; Field, 2005). The management of the TechPro has decided to implement a new web based system to effectively handle and manage its business activities. In addition, by implementing this system TechPro is aimed to gain competitive edge and get access to global business market. This report will present a detailed analysis of the three development methods that are often used to produce software that are interaction designed focussed are the star model, the dynamic systems development method (DSDM) and the user-centred lifecycle design model. In addition, this report will assess and ensure an effective web design that is needed for creating websites and meeting the standards of web accessibility. This research will also offer some of main relevant legal, social or ethical issues that may arise during the development of software. Here I will critically evaluate how we

The New Labour party and Childhood Education Research Proposal

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Perception of Professional Sign Language Interpretation in Saudi Research Proposal

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Safety and health management system - Essay Example Most of the diseases arise due to poor safety measures. Moreover, pursuing safety management will enable me have a direct impact on public health and safety. As I reviewed the power point presentation on Goal setting for Young Professional, the part that interested me most was on the â€Å"Ten Steps to Reach Your Goals.† These ideas are applicable to my career choice, which require me to keep dreaming. The ten steps will guide me in assessing if am working towards my goal. I already have burning desire in safety management, however, I have realize that I need to develop a belief regarding my goals, write it down, set deadliness to achieve the different steps towards my goal, identify the obstacles, get the appropriate resources that will enable me attain my goals. Moreover, I need to identify the people who can help me achieve my goals, make plans regarding my goals, and make a personal decision to succeed. Although I have always set goals in life, at times I fail to achieve some because I did not know some of the most important steps in achieving goals such as setting deadlines for the different steps towards achieving the goal. 3. On page 34 of your Job Choice test, there is an article about passion and purpose. Those who have a high level of passion and purpose in their careers are those who are the most successful. How could you develop a high level of passion and purpose in your career? Passion is very important in life since it gives meaning to one’s life. Moreover, passion is important for one to enjoy, gain satisfaction, and make a difference in life. One can develop high level of passion and purpose in his or her career. The first step towards developing high-level passion is identifying ones interests. This will pave way towards the career one chooses to pursue. The next step is distinguishing the desires from interests. This aids in narrowing down the interests. Realizing ones desire enables one identify the interests and

Binge Drinking in Britain Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Binge Drinking in Britain - Essay Example Binge drinking has been a problem in other countries in Europe like Poland although the recent data shows that the trend has been reducing of late in the country. However unlike in Poland, the trend of binge drinking has been picking up in Britain and it has come with various social and health complications. (Moscalwcz, 2005) Binge drinking has been defined as pattern of drinking alcohol which brings the concentration of alcohol to around 0.08 gram percent or above in the body. In an adult this can be shown as drinkgin more than 5 drinks and about 4 drinks for females in a period of about 2 hours. In the common use, binge dirking is however used to refer to the excessive use of alcohol on a similar time span for example over an evening. It is sometimes referred to as heavy episodic drinking. Binge drinking is also any pattern of drinking which has the sole international of becoming intoxicated. Therefore it is excessive intake of alcohol in one setting. Some people usually take alcohol that they could have taken in one week in just one setting. It can also refer to drinking heavily land continuously over a period of time for day or weeks. It is usually called drinking in order to get drunk. According to the definitions of clinical a binge drink can be explained by the period under which the drinking is e xtended which may be for at least two days in which a person repeatedly becomes drunk and intoxicated. Therefore it's a combination for probing use of alcohol which makes one to give up usual activities. (Woods, 2008) Who are binge drinkers A binge drinker is a person who takes alcohol continuously and in large amount than the recommended level. It is appear show have restrained drinking behavior but how may frequently overindulge in drinking to an extreme level. It is also someone who many not necessary want to drink a lot but who is unsure of the limit that he wants to take where at the end one ends up drinking too much in a short period of tem. (Reach Out, 2008) Most of the binge drinkers are not sure other amount of alcohol they take at one setting. They are drinking to get drunk and at the end they exceed the health recommended limited or drinks. For most people binge drink brings in their minds a self-destructive and understand bout of drinking which may last or several day during which they are likely to consumer a high amount of alcoholic their body. Reasons for binge drinking There are many reasons that have been shows to cause binge drinking. Although many people have shown that there are used under a duress condition when they binge drink, psychologist have shown that this may not be the reason for all people. There are a number of binge drinker how cannot give a particular reason as to why they binge drink. Therefore the numbers of reason that can lead one to binge drink are valid and depend on each individual person. For example among the youth it has been shown that most of the youths binge drink due to peer pressure. They engage in unending drinking sprees with their colleagues as a leisure activity. However it has been shows that among the working class binge drinking may be caused by limited time that they have for the activity. Therefore when they are not at work, there are likely to drinking more because they are not sure the

Human Resource Management suggestions for National Lewis and Clark Personal Statement

Human Resource Management suggestions for National Lewis and Clark Corporation - Personal Statement Example Let me begin by mentioning something about human capital investment. I wish to suggest that for the purposes of increasing productivity all management members should undergo a two hour per day month-long management training. I feel this is necessary to bring an overhaul in the various departments of this corporation. By the same token the recruits who will have to undergo a full time month long trained this, I feel will prepare them fully for the challenges ahead. In connection with that, the recruitment should be done twice a year at the head office to cut on the costs that incurred in intermittent recruitments in various branches of our corporation. It is also my wish to point out that matters of remunerations are of high importance. A workplace staffed by well paid employees is a productive workplace; and that brings a competitive advantage to the firm. We should therefore review the package we offer to each category of our worker to bring it up to the national standards. This wil l motivate our labour force to deliver better services hence more productivity.

ABC Co. Marketing Strategy Case Essay Example for Free

ABC Co. Marketing Strategy Case Essay ABC Manufacturing Company is a manufacturer of fine furniture designed to resemble the furniture used in various historical periods. The companys furniture is sold by approximately fifty dealers throughout the United States and in several foreign countries. Dealers are carefully selected by ABC to be sure they maintain the high quality imagine that ABC has established in its 100-year history of making fine furniture. Most dealers sell only ABCs furniture, but a few also sell noncompeting lines of similar quality. Dealers who sell only ABCs furniture are franchised to do business under ABCs trade name and would appear to the public to be branch stores rather than independent business. ABCs factory is a three-story building of heavy timber (mill) construction located in a New England town of 2,500 population. The first floor is used for warehousing and office space, and the two upper floors house the production facilities. The building is 75 years old and has been occupied by ABC since its construction. The local fire department is above average for towns of this size, but its water supply system does not have adequate reserve capacity to maintain pressure for fighting a major fire over a period of several hours. See more:Â  First Poem for You Essay Adjacent to the factory building is a large frame structure used by ABC to store seasoned lumber for its furniture. Lumber is first air dried in the yard adjoining the shed, with the exact drying period depending on the kind of wood involved. The air-dried wood is then kiln dried in ABCs own kiln, after which it is stored in the frame storage building until needed. ABCs power plant is located in a brick building about 50 feet from the main plant. It furnishes heat and steam for all operations. Water for the stream boilers is drawn from a large river adjacent to the power plant. Electricity is purchased from a public utility. Due to the length of the seasoning period, ABC usually has on the premises a supply of lumber adequate for four months of operations. Much of the lumber is purchased within a 200-mile radius of the factory, but substantial amounts are purchased from more distant sections of the United States or from foreign countries. For example, mahogany lumber, which is used in almost half of ABCs products, is imported by ABC from Latin American and Africa. Most of the lumber arrives at ABCs yard by railroad and is shipped FOB point of origin. The imported lumber is shipped by water to the nearest port, approximately 100 miles from ABCs factory, and then by train to the factory. Some locally produced lumber is delivered to ABC by truck, FOB ABCs yard. Workers in ABCs factory use some small power tools, such as saws, planers, lathes, and similar equipment. However, the production process is primarily manual. Highly skilled craftsmen build the companys products, using many of the same techniques that were used two centuries ago. Furniture finishing is done by hand, and most of the stains, varnishes and other finishing materials are compounded by ABCs employees according to the companys proprietary formulas. ABCs labour force is very stable because each craftsman undergoes a lengthy apprenticeship in the plant and because ABC pays wages that are relatively high by the standards of the community. Management considers the high wages to be necessary because of the time and expense required to hire and train a replacement for a craftsman who leaves the firm. Some finished furniture is shipped by railroad, but most of it is shipped by contract carrier trucks. The contract with the trucker does not include any provision relative to liability for damage to goods in transit. Export shipments are transported by truck to the nearest port and by water to the country of destination. All shipments are made FOB purchasers warehouse. All sales, including export sales, are made on open account and only to ABCs established dealers. Export accounts usually are denominated in and payable in the currency of the importers country. Accounts receivable, on the average, are equal to about one-eighth of annual sales. Accounts receivable records are kept on ABCs computer in the office section of the first floor of the factory building. The computer is also used for inventory and production control, payroll management, and other accounting functions. The computer equipment is owned by ABC. The office is cut off from the warehouse section of the first floor by a wood partition. The office and computer room are air conditioned, but the remainder of the building is not. Duplicate computer tapes, updated weekly, are stored in a well-protected vault in another part of the city. A monthly fee is paid for the tape storage. ABC owns several small trucks that are used to move lumber about its own premises and for local pickup and delivery. The trucks are kept in the lumber storage shed when they are not in use. Several lift trucks are used for moving lumber and other heavy items in and around the factory and lumber storage area. A freight elevator moves materials, finished furniture, lift trucks, and other equipment between floors in the factory. Automatic grillwork gates have been installed to prevent workers from falling into the elevator shaft. There is no passenger elevator. Workers use either the freight elevator or the open stairwells when moving between floors. Steel fire escapes have been installed on the exterior of the building to facilitate evacuation of the upper floors in case of fire or other catastrophe. ABC Manufacturing Company is wholly owned by its president, Mr. Carpenter, who is the grandson of the companys founder. Mr. Carpenter is considered wealthy by local standards. However, his fortune consists almost entirely of the stock of ABC Manufacturing Company, and he is dependent on his salary and company dividends for his livelihood. Nearly all of ABCs operating profit has been paid in dividends in recent years. Consequently, the company has only a modest cushion of liquid assets in excess of its operating needs. Profits have been consistent, but they have been relatively low because of the inefficiency of the present factory facilities. Although the dollar amount of ABCs sales has increased steadily because of price increases, the physical volume of sales has remained almost constant over the past several years. The lack of growth has resulted primarily from two factors. First, the present plant cannot accommodate greater production because of space limitations, and there is no available land adjacent to the plant to permit expansion. Second, the long training period required for new employees prevents rapid expansion of production. Mr. Carpenter has considered building a new factory at another location in the same town. However, such a move is not financially feasible unless the present plant can be sold, and no prospective purchasers have been found. A move to any location outside its present hometown would not be practical because of the companys dependence on its well-trained craftsman. The sales manager estimates that both the dealer network and sales could be increased by 30% over the next 5 years if production facilities could be provided. The cost to rebuild the present factory building in its present form would be $2.5 million. However, Mr. Carpenter has indicated that he would not build a new mill-type building to replace the current structure because of the high cost of the thick brick walls and heavy timber interior construction. A new, one-story, noncombustible masonry and steel building of comparable floor area would cost approximately $2 million to build and would be more efficient for ABCs purpose. The actual cash value of the present factory building is estimated to be $1.5 million, and ABC has insured it for that amount against fire and the extended coverage perils. The lumber storage shed, power plant, table and lumber kiln are also insured for their actual cash values. The following table shows the actual cash value and replacement cost for each of the structures. Table 1: ABC Company Building Values ___________________________________________________________________________________ BuildingActual Cash ValueReplacement Cost Factory$1,500,000$2,500,000 Lumber shed 150,000 200,000 Power plant 230,000 300,000 Kiln 270,000 320,000 ___________________________________________________________________________________ ABCs annual premium for fire and extended coverage insurance is $136,000, including the coverage for contends of the buildings and for lumber stored in the yard. There have been no fire or extended coverage losses during the past five years and only minor losses prior to that time. The companys estimated annual workers compensation premium is $165,000. Loss experience has been fairly consistent from year to year. Based on past experience, with adjustments for inflation and current benefit levels, normal losses of $104,000 can be expected. The most frequent claims have been small and have resulted from such minor injuries as splinters in hands, several minor dermatitis cases, and sawdust or metal particles in eyes. The more serious injuries have included back strains and loss of fingers in power saws and other power tools. ABC now has 15 percent debit under workers compensation experience rating plan. (That is, they are paying a rate 15% greater than manual rates). Questions 1. Identify the following loss exposures faced by ABC Manufacturing Company: 1) Direct property loss exposures 2) Indirect property loss exposures 3) Liability exposures 2. Your suggestions in risk management for ABC Company Case 2: Bite-O-Burger Company (Risk Management and Insurance) Description of Operations The Bite-O-Burger Company is a publicly held corporation. It owns and operates 843 fast-food restaurants located in eleven states in the United States. The restaurants feature a limited menu consisting of hamburgers, French fried potatoes, fried chicken, chili, related food items, and nonalcoholic beverages. The restaurants vary in size, but each is located in a free-standing building and surrounded by customer parking areas. All of the buildings were built to Bite-O-Burgers plans and specifications and share enough architectural characteristics to make them easily recognized as units of the chain. All have forced air heat and are air conditioned. At current prices, the average replacement cost of the restaurants is estimated at $125,000 per unit for the building and $100,000 for the equipment. Because of differences in size, the replacement cost, including building and equipment, ranges from $175,000 for the smallest restaurants to $300,000 for the largest. The average actual cash value is $205,000 for building and equipment combined. The restaurants vary in age from a few days to approximately 20 years. All of them are owned by Bite-O-Burger, but the newer ones are subject to substantial mortgages. The home office of the company is located in leased space in a building in the business district of a midwestern city. Bite-O-Burger occupies the upper three floors of the thirty-story building. The companys data processing centre is located on the top floor. All of the computer equipment is leased from the manufacturer. Bite-O-Burger also occupies a leased warehouse near the home office. It is used for storage and distribution of supplies (paper cups, wrapping materials, etc.) and nonperishable food items. Perishable food items are purchased from local suppliers near the restaurants in which they will be used, and they are delivered directly to the restaurants by the suppliers. There is no refrigeration equipment at the warehouse, but each restaurant has a large, walk-in refrigerator. Items from the company warehouse are distributed to the individual restaurants by a fleet of 30 owned tractor-trailer units. The same units also transport goods from the suppliers to the central warehouse when truck-load quantities are purchased. Smaller lots are shipped by common carrier FOB point of shipment. The values of the contents at the warehouse and home office are $15,750,000 and $3,200,000, respectively. Values at both locations are relatively constant throughout the year. Bite-O-Burger advertises extensively in newspapers in the cities in which it has several restaurants. Many of its advertisements feature endorsements of its products by prominent athletes and theatre personalities. Some advertisements feature pictures of local people and their favourable comments on the companys food and service. The company also sponsors softball and bowling teams in some cities as a part of its public relations program. Bite-O-Burgers profit and loss statement and an abbreviated balance sheet for last year are shown in Tables 2-1 and 2-2. The companys operating results for last year were typical of past years, but sales and assets have been growing at a rate of approximately 20% per year. Bite-O-Burgers fire and extended coverage losses for the five years are shown in Table 2-3. The quotations shown in Table 2-4 have been obtained for fire and extended coverage protectionblanket on buildings and contents on an actual cash value basis. Bite-O-Burger is well aware of the fire exposures associated with restaurants. Extensive fire control equipment has been installed in the kitchens of all units, and especially in the range hoods and in the cooking areas.

Expansion Of The Nurses Roles In Singapore

Expansion Of The Nurses Roles In Singapore There is no such thing as Advanced Practice Nurse (APN) in Singapore 10 years ago. However, Singapore started to expand the nurses role recently due to ever-changing of medical developments and technology, as well as the increase healthcare cost and waiting time within the healthcare industry due to ageing population. It posed a challenge to the healthcare models in Singapore to compete with other countries. A multidisciplinary team approach and the recognition of nursing expertise through clinical career paths are also important. (Chiarella McInnes, 2008). It is wise that Ministry has expanded the role of nurses with Masters Degrees. It can uphold nursing profession with advanced skills. The implementation of APNs can be an advantage to Singapores healthcare services. Critically analyze the development of role of APN in Singapore An Advanced Practice Nurse (APN) is an umbrella term given to a Registered Nurse who has acquired the expert knowledge base, complex decision-making skills and clinical competencies for extended practice (Ministry of Health, 2007). The American Nurses Association defines an advanced practice nurse as a registered nurse with advanced specialized clinical knowledge and skills for providing health care (Yarbro, Wujcik Gobel, 2011, p.1846). Rajasoorya (2002) observed that the role of APN in Singapore is formed with reference of APNs practices from United State while United Kingdom, Australia and New Zealand took the similar approaches. The ability to make decision by having advanced knowledge with leadership skills, proactive in self-upgrade and actively participating with patients care management are essential qualities for an APN to have. Kjervik and Brous (2010) stated that APNs have increased in autonomy and authority over decision over patients care management compared to regular nurses roles. It crossed the boundaries of the traditional nurses roles. APNs are able to order a list of medications and investigations such X-rays if it is necessary for patients treatment. They are able to provide health assessment to patient where regular nurses doesnt have the full knowledge to perform. Kjervik and Brous (2010) agreed that APNs shifted and expanded their roles towards collaboration with medical personnel and specialist as well as providing primary and preventive care to patients, families and the communities. APNs are not like regular nurses who provide direct clinical care of the patients, but also discuss with the doctors and suggest alternative treatments that may benefit patients in terms of health and cost. In addition, APNs also collaborate with families on the abilities on managing patients illness so as to minimize the chance of readmission to the hospital. APNs also actively participle in research and health teaching to the communities to improve Singaporeans well-being so as to reduce the chance of developing chronic disease. The history of APNs Let us look at the history of APNs and examine how it can make an impact Singapores healthcare system. Arthur (2007) noted that Singapore nurses were limited by the highest qualification of being a Diploma holder without local career path to obtain higher qualification until recently, National University of Singapore (NUS) commenced the first Master in Nursing in Advanced Practice Nurse in 2003. Sheer and Wong (2008) noted that Singapores first batch of graduated APNs started in 2004 and Singapore established a registry for APNs in 2006. Schober (2010) agrees that the student who is selected by the employer or hospital can be fully funded by Singapore Ministry of Health during the course of studying period in National University of Singapore as well as to fulfill a period of bond after graduation after undergoing a period of 1 year of internship in order to registered with Singapore Nursing Board (SNB) as APN. Grounded in practicum experiences and guided by health care theory, policy, and research, graduates possess the knowledge and competencies to assume the advanced leadership roles required in future health care systems (Aduddell Dorman, 2010). The need of having APNs: It is important to understand why Singapore needs to have APNs. We will look into the reasons why the need of APN is important. I will covered in 4 terms. Completive, Aging population, providing better care and integrated healthcare, Completive Chia et al. (2007) labeled Singapore; including Hong Kong, Taiwan and South Korea; as Four Tigers of Asia countries with a strong competitive advantage by having highly educated and skilled workforce. To be able to compete with countries like Hong Kong in field of healthcare industries, Singapore have to upgrade healthcare workers. According to International Business Publications (2009), one of the economic development boards plans of Singapore is to develop into world-class medical hub for medical research, education and advanced care in specialized fields and healthcare services. With the pace at which health care is changing, we as nursing health care providers need to provide quality evidenced based health care, which is affordable to our patients (Bettin, 2010). Patients over the world would choose a higher standard of care if needed or affordable to. With the help of technology and the skills that APNs have, it will bring in a positive effect on Singapores healthcare industries, be it reputation or economically. Hence it is important to increase the skills and education of the nurses to attract the riches and the needy who in need of healthcare services, and most ultimately to save more lives by treating or preventing diseases. The introduction and increasing of APNs in Singapore represents a significant milestone in terms of nursing career path and expertise. It also contributes Singapore to form a world-class medical hub. Ageing population MCYS (2006) reported that the baby boomers reaches 65 years old in 2012. According to Kannusamy (2006), the need of providing better healthcare service and the nurses to upgrade their skills in the clinical arena is necessary to manage Singapores ageing population and chronic illness such as diabetes and heart disease and therefore, the role of Advanced Practice Nurse is formed. As people ages, people tends to fall sick or develop chronic illness, hence more people are dependent on healthcare services. >>>> Advanced skills to provide better care According to Schober (2010), Singapore provided the title APN is to retain highly skilled and potential nurses as well as to equip them with advanced skills and knowledge which can fill the gaps in the provision of healthcare services. With the skills and knowledge that APNs learnt in university, they are able to render specialized care to a patient where staff nurses are incompetent to perform these skills. Example : Wound nurse APN APNs plays an important roles as it acts as a bridge between nurses and doctors, as well as other healthcare professionals and services. Advanced practice nurses are taking their place in the forefront of the rapidly changing health care system, developing a myriad of roles in organizations that aim to provide cost-effective, quality care. (Jansen Stauffacher, 2010, p.3) By putting APNs into more discipline to practice, it relates to the vision of Singapores healthcare delivery. In Singapore, interest is growing in the advanced practice role for both acute and primary care settings, in an effort to improve patient outcomes with the least cost (Kannusamy, 2006). Intergated care of community and hospital (health services) APN roles is to collaborate The vision for transforming healthcare delivery in Singapore is to develop integrated Regional Health Services (RHS) to pro ­vide healthcare from prevention to palliation (Saxena, 2009). It means its aim is to try to collaborate from short term to long term care individual. It shown the urge Singapore needs to procedure more APN to increase the professional level of nurses in Singapore. This will not only increase the standard of nursing in Singapore but also recognized internationally. Sheer and Wong (2008) know that there are plans for Singapore to increase the number of APNs to two hundreds and also to include them into different fields like acute care, community care, mental health care and medical-surgical care. According to Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Ministry of Healths vision is to develop 200 APNs by 2014. A discussion of the influence on nursing in Singapore Postive influence Great professional satifcation. There is evidence that collaboration among advanced practice nurses and physician colleagues improves the quality and cost of health outcomes and can lead to professional satisfaction (Maylone, Ranieri, Griffin, McNulty, Fitzpatrick, 2011). Relationships with other health care professionals are crucial because many advanced practice nursing roles involve a significant element of collaboration (Kannusamy, 2006). Expansion of roles in singapore Postive influence the needs of APNs. According to Ministry of Health (2007) in Singapore, the scope of practice as an APN includes diagnose, treat and management of illness; health education to the public; initiate and implement changes in health care services according to demands; provides education to nursing staffs and healthcare professionals and conduct nursing research. This role is registered and protected by the Singapore Nurse Board The Nurses and Midwives Act. By giving APN authority to practice The contemporary nurses role in relation to the issue Negative shortage of staff Lim, Bogossian and Ahern (2010) agreed that Singapore have much shortage of nurses in the workforce compared to Western countries and hence will contribute to increase workload. According to Health Manpower Statistics (2009), it indicated that there is an increase of about 12% of Registered Nurses between 2007 to 2009 in Singapore. Singapore plays an active role by having Ngee Ann Polytechnic (2007) introduced Nursing Course in 2005, in addition to Nanyang Polytechnic, where students graduate as a registered nurse 3 years later upon completed of the course. This may explains on the increment of Registered Nurses in Singapore. Changes in the health-care system, shortage of staff and increasing workload may also be affecting stress levels of nurses trying to adapt to increasingly higher levels of responsibility (Lim, Bogossian Ahern, 2010). This will affect how well an APN will perform after graduation. Singapore may need to think twice about the number of APNs to be increase. By increasing APN will only make shortage of Registered Nurses workforce even worst. If the solution is to upgrade enrolled nurses to registered nurses, who will take on the enrolled nurse roles? Singapore needs to increase the number of intake of nurses from schools. Negative Scope confusion Rajasoorya (2002) stated that in U.S., most often APNs may found themselves closely take up the role of the doctors as increase of APNs caused an expand of their practice nature. Doctor may fear and concerned about loss of power over nurses. APNs should be viewed not simply as doctor substitutes but as part of a new approach to address the changing nature of illness care (Kane, 2009). APNs are not necessarily the same as doctors of nursing practice (Kane, 2009). APNs are being trained for a number of different tasks. Some are specialists; some are generalists (Kane, 2009). Getting lack of support and collaboration from the doctors or surgeons for managing a group of patients, APNs may found themselves difficulties to fulfill their roles. Singapore need to consider by having clear and define roles between APNs, doctors, nurse clinician specialists to prevent overlapping and confusion of individual roles. Practice guided by the concepts of a conceptual model of nursing is more appropriate for advanced practice nursing than practice guided by a medical model (Ruel Motyka, 2009). Conceptual models are the foundation of advanced practice nursing and enhance nursing practice at all levels (Ruel Motyka, 2009). The use of conceptual models promotes professionalism which includes autonomous nursing practice, knowledge, and service (Ruel Motyka, 2009). The current and/or potential impact of the issue on the health care system. Conclusion focus cost effective, professional increase, integrated healthcare service, aging population. Lim, Bogossian and Ahern (2010) emphasized Singapore healthcare system focus on affordability for Singaporean on healthcare service by restructuring hospitals and the challenges Singapore needs to overcome like rising in healthcare cost and increasing public healthcare services expectation. Advanced Practice Nurses (APNs) are taking their place in the forefront of the rapidly changing health care system, developing a myriad of roles in organizations that aim to provide cost-effective, quality care (Jansen Stauffacher, 2010). Advanced Practice Nurses (APNs) are taking their place in the forefront of the rapidly changing health care system, developing a myriad of roles in organizations that aim to provide cost-effective, quality care Jansen Stauffacher (2010) said that in a rapidly chaning health care system, APNs take in roles to provide cost-effective, quality care to patient in a myriad roles in organization. By having APN in polyclinic for consultation for disease such as diabetes, it not only lowers down healthcare cost and also decreases waiting time for doctor consultation. Lacking of nurse workforce in Singapore to accommodate the aging populations healthcare needs, Singapore needs to continuously train more nurses not only to maintain the standard of nursing practice but to increase the standard and advanced their skills so as to cope with healthcare demands. Expansion of APNs workforce and practice to improve integrated patient care with heightened levels of safety and quality, and responsive to patients requirements both in hospital and in community. The implementation of APN roles is having a transformative effect on the healthcare systems of Singapore (Schober, 2010). witnessing a pride in the anticipated increased status for nursing associated with academic education and advanced nursing roles while at the same time watching some of the unanticipated struggles that occur with such a significant change (Schober, 2010). APN interns, as they mature in their role, are working in close partnership with physicians and are assuming responsibility for tasks that had been performed traditionally by doctors (Kannusamy, 2006). Conclusion end line. The APN scope of practice will continue to evolve to match the changing needs of the healthcare system (Wong, 2009). With the changes to and complexity within the health care system, advanced practice nurses need academic preparation in advanced care management of populations and leadership competencies (Aduddell Dorman, 2010). POINT TO CONSIDER Politics of nursing practice (Community at large, CLUTURE OF INDIVIDUALS, GROUPS, government regulation.) Power of nursing as APN (more control and directions.) Knowledge Singapore government SNB, MOH, ministry of environment, MOM, SHS Different perspectives on health care and health Image of nurses Nurse view as cleaning, maid, slave. As APN show different initiative. Legal issue re: APN, practicing outside nursing scope. Different perspectives on health care and health Advanced Practice Nurses. (n.d.). Tan Tock Seng Hospital. Retrieved March 20, 2011, from http://www.ttsh.com.sg/APN/ Aduddell, K. A., Dorman, G. E. (2010). The development of the next generation of nurse leaders. Journal of Nursing Education, 49(3), 168-171. Arthur, D. (2007). Towards an excellent health care system: Singapore nursing poised with 2020 vision. Journal of Research in Nursing, 12(6), 591-594. Bettin, T. (2010). Advanced Practice Nurse Forum column. Reflections on the DNP degree. Stat: Bulletin of the Wisconsin Nurses Association, 79(1), 7-8. Chia, H. B., Carolyn, E., David, R., Ping, F., Kuo, M. H., Lee, C. H., et al. (2007). Four tigers and the dragon: values differences, similarities, and consensus. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 24(3), 305-320. Chiarella, M., McInnes, E. (2008). Legality, morality and reality the role of the nurse in maintaining standards of care. Australian Journal of Advanced Nursing, 26(1), 77-83. Health Manpower Statistics. (2009). Ministry of Health, Singapore. Retrieved March 24, 2011, from http://www.moh.gov.sg/mohcorp/statistics.aspx?id=5966 International Business Publications. (2009). Singapore Investment and Business Guide (6th ed.). USA: International Business Publications. Jansen, M. P., Stauffacher, M. (2010). Advanced practice nursing: core concepts for professional role development (4th ed.). New York, NY: Springer. Kane, R. L. (2009). The advanced practice nurse: an answer to the primary care challenge. Clinical Scholars Review, 2(2), 37-38. Kannusamy, P. (2006). A longitudinal study of advanced practice nursing in Singapore. Critical Care Nursing Clinics of North America, 18, 545-551. Kjervik, D. K., Brous, E. A. (2010). Law and ethics for advanced practice nursing . New York: Springer. Lim, J., Bogossian, F., Ahern, K. (2010). Stress and coping in Singaporean nurses: A literature review. Nursing Health Sciences, 12(2), 251-258. Maylone, M. M., Ranieri, L., Griffin, M. T. Q., McNulty, R., Fitzpatrick, J. J. (2011). Collaboration and autonomy: Perceptions among nurse practitioners. Journal of the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners, 23(1), 51-57. Ministry of Health. (2007). NUS Master of Nursing Programme. Health Professionals Portal. Retrieved March 24, 2011, from http://www.hpp.moh.gov.sg/HPP/MungoBlobs/318/187/FAQ%20on%20APNs.htm MCYS (2006). Committee on Ageing Issues: Report of the Ageing Population. Retrieved March 24, 2011, from http://www.mcys.gov.sg/successful_ageing/report/cai_report.pdf Ngee Ann Polytechnic To Offer Health Sciences (Nursing) Course. (2007, December 13). Ngee Ann Polytechnic. Retrieved March 25, 2011, from http://www.np.edu.sg/home/media/release/year2005/jan_mar/Pages/20050119.aspx OBrien, A. P., Arthur, D. G. (2007). Singapore nursing in transition: perspectives from the Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, National University of Singapore. Singapore Medical Journal, 48(10). Rajasoorya, C. (2002). The Quest for Nursing Excellence. Singapore Medical Journal, 43(10). Ruel, J., Motyka, C. (2009). Advanced practice nursing: a principle-based concept analysis. Journal of the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners, 21(7), 384-392. Saxena, A. (2009). Transforming Singapores healthcare delivery system: health care integration in Singapore (Vol. 9): Igitur. Schober, M. (2010). EDITORIAL: Singapore: At the hub of advanced practice nursing development in Asia. Journal of the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners, 22(9), 449-449. Sheer, B., Wong, F. K. Y. (2008). The Development of Advanced Nursing Practice Globally. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 40(3), 204-211. Wong, H. H. (2009). Australian College of Mental Health Nursing 35th International Conference Mind to Care. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing, 18, A1-A27. Yarbro, C. H., Wujcik, D., Gobel, B. H. (2011). Cancer nursing: principles and practice (7th ed.). Sudbury, Mass.: Jones and Bartlett Publishers.